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This channel explains some of the important thirukkural. it will give some overall idea about what is thirukkural and its importance in human life.
20 thirukkural available in this youtube channel. you can see and understand
This is story of silappathikaram one of the two famous epic in Tamil.
In this youtube channel all the story of Nayanmars is explained in an interesting way. Make use of it and enjoy the stories. Inspire a blessed life from those Divine people.
Write short notes on Bharathidhasan?
Bharathidasan born K. Subburathinam 29 April 1891 – 21 April 1964), was a 20th-century Tamil poet and rationalist writer whose literary works handled mostly socio-political issues. He was deeply influenced by the Tamil poet Subramania Bharathi and named himself “Bharathi dasan” meaning follower or adherent of Bharathi. His greatest influence was Periyar and his self-respect movement. Bharathidasan’s writings served as a catalyst for the growth of the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu. In addition to poetry, his views found expression in other forms such as plays, film scripts, short stories and essays. The Government of Puducherry union territory has adopted the song of Invocation to Mother Tamil, written by Bharathidasan as the state song of Puducherry (Tamil Thai Valthu (Puducherry))
Life
Kanaka Subburathinam was born in Puducherry (earlier called Pondicherry) on 29 April 1891 to parents Kanagasabai and Lakshmi Ammal. He was deeply influenced by the Tamil poet and freedom fighter, Subramania Bharathi, who mentored him and hence Subburathinam named himself “Bharathi dasan” meaning follower or adherent of Bharathi. He is popularly known as Bharathidasan (Tamil: பாரதிதாசன்). A twentieth century Tamil poet, Bharathidasan was an active participant in the Indian independence movement, he opposed both the British Raj and the French colonial government. He was imprisoned for voicing his views against the French Government that was ruling Pondicherry at that time. Bharathidasan was a poet in his own right, writing mostly on socio-political issues like women’s liberation, rationalism, and against caste discrimination. He was greatly influenced by the great rationalist leader and social reformer, Periyar E. V. Ramaswami. Bharathidasan became one of the key figures in the Dravidian rationalist movement. He was bestowed the titles ‘puratchi kavinjar’ (revolutionary poet) and ‘paa vendhar’ (king of poetry) to honor his excellence in Tamil poetry and he was widely known by his titles. Bharathidasan works were nationalized meaning brought into public domain in 1991 by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. Karunanidhi. Bharathidasan’s works can be found at the open access Tamil literature repository Project Madurai.
He remained a prolific writer and poet till he died on 21 April 1964, a week before his 73rd birthday. He was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award posthumously for his Tamil play Pisiraandhaiyaar. One among his famous lines is ‘அறிவை விரிவு செய், அகண்டமாக்கு’, ‘Arivai virivu sei, agandamakku’ meaning “Expand knowledge – make it universal”. Named after this great poet, it has been Bharathidasan institute of management’s endeavour to expand and universalize knowledge.
Named after the revolutionary poet Bharathidasan, the Bharathidasan University was set up in 1982 as an offshoot of the University of Madras. The motto of the University “We will create a brave new world” has been framed from Bharathidasan’s poetic words “புதியதோர் உலகம் செய்வோம்”. The University endeavours to be true to such a vision by creating in the region a brave new world of academic innovation for social change.
List of poems made into film lyrics
Thamizhukum Amudenru per
Sanke Muzhangu
Thunbam Nergayil
Thesa gnanam
Neelavana aadaikul
Valiyor silar
Muzhumai Nila
Chithirai
Pallikudam
Kalyanam aagatha penae
Kaatrilellam
Kandavudal kadal
Vaanukku nilavu
Paazhai pona manam
Vaana mazhai neeye
Avalum Naanum Amudhum Thamizhum
Awards and recognitions
Bharathidasan on a 2001 stamp of India
Bharathidasan won the Golden Parrot Prize in 1946 for his play Amaithi-Oomai (Peace and Dumbness).
He was given the Sahitya Academy Award, posthumously in 1970 for his play Pisiranthaiyar.
On 9 October 2001, a commemorative stamp of Bharathidasan was released by the Postal Department in Chennai.
He was conferred with the title of “Puratchi Kavingyar” (meaning the “Revolutionary Poet”) by Periyar.
Legacy
Tamil Nadu’s state government gives the Bharathidasan Award annually to a Tamil poet.
The Government of Puducherry union territory has adopted Bharathidasan’s song of Invocation to Mother Tamil as the state song of Puducherry.
A state university named Bharathidasan University was established in Tiruchirappalli.
Bharathidasan institute of management, one of India’s top B-schools, was established in Tiruchirappalli.
(Translation in Telugu)
భారతిదాసన్ జన్మించిన కె. సుబ్బురథినం 29 ఏప్రిల్ 1891 – 21 ఏప్రిల్ 1964), 20వ శతాబ్దపు తమిళ కవి మరియు హేతువాద రచయిత, అతని సాహిత్య రచనలు ఎక్కువగా సామాజిక-రాజకీయ సమస్యలను నిర్వహించాయి. అతను తమిళ కవి సుబ్రమణ్య భారతిచే తీవ్రంగా ప్రభావితమయ్యాడు మరియు తనకు తానుగా “భారతి దాసన్” అని పేరు పెట్టుకున్నాడు, అంటే భారతి అనుచరుడు లేదా అనుచరుడు. అతని గొప్ప ప్రభావం పెరియార్ మరియు అతని ఆత్మగౌరవ ఉద్యమం. తమిళనాడులో ఆత్మగౌరవ ఉద్యమం ఎదుగుదలకు భారతిదాసన్ రచనలు ఉత్ప్రేరకంగా పనిచేశాయి. కవిత్వంతో పాటు, అతని అభిప్రాయాలు నాటకాలు, సినిమా స్క్రిప్ట్లు, చిన్న కథలు మరియు వ్యాసాలు వంటి ఇతర రూపాల్లో వ్యక్తీకరించబడ్డాయి. పుదుచ్చేరి కేంద్రపాలిత ప్రాంతం, భారతీదాసన్ రచించిన మదర్ తమిళ్కు ఆహ్వానం పాటను పుదుచ్చేరి రాష్ట్ర పాటగా (తమిళ థాయ్ వాల్తు (పుదుచ్చేరి)) స్వీకరించింది.
జీవితం
కనక సుబ్బురథినం పుదుచ్చేరిలో (పూర్వం పాండిచ్చేరి అని పిలిచేవారు) 29 ఏప్రిల్ 1891న తల్లిదండ్రులు కనగసాబాయి మరియు లక్ష్మి అమ్మాళ్లకు జన్మించారు. అతను తమిళ కవి మరియు స్వాతంత్ర్య సమరయోధుడు, సుబ్రమణ్య భారతిచే లోతుగా ప్రభావితమయ్యాడు, అతను అతనికి మార్గదర్శకత్వం వహించాడు మరియు అందువల్ల సుబ్బురథినం తనకు తానుగా “భారతి దాసన్” అని పేరు పెట్టుకున్నాడు అంటే భారతి అనుచరుడు లేదా అనుచరుడు. అతను భారతిదాసన్ (తమిళం: பாரதிதாசன்)గా ప్రసిద్ధి చెందాడు. ఇరవయ్యవ శతాబ్దపు తమిళ కవి, భారతిదాసన్ భారత స్వాతంత్ర్య ఉద్యమంలో చురుకుగా పాల్గొనేవారు, అతను బ్రిటిష్ రాజ్ మరియు ఫ్రెంచ్ వలస ప్రభుత్వం రెండింటినీ వ్యతిరేకించాడు. ఆ సమయంలో పాండిచ్చేరిని పాలిస్తున్న ఫ్రెంచ్ ప్రభుత్వానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా తన అభిప్రాయాలను వ్యక్తం చేసినందుకు అతను జైలు పాలయ్యాడు. భారతిదాసన్ స్వతహాగా కవి, మహిళా విముక్తి, హేతువాదం మరియు కుల వివక్షకు వ్యతిరేకంగా ఎక్కువగా సామాజిక-రాజకీయ అంశాలపై రాశారు. అతను గొప్ప హేతువాద నాయకుడు మరియు సంఘ సంస్కర్త పెరియార్ E. V. రామస్వామిచే బాగా ప్రభావితమయ్యాడు. భారతిదాసన్ ద్రావిడ హేతువాద ఉద్యమంలో కీలక వ్యక్తులలో ఒకరు. తమిళ కవిత్వంలో అతని శ్రేష్ఠతను గౌరవించటానికి అతనికి ‘పురట్చి కవింజర్’ (విప్లవ కవి) మరియు ‘పా వేంధర్’ (కవిత్వ రాజు) బిరుదులు ఇవ్వబడ్డాయి మరియు అతని బిరుదులతో విస్తృతంగా ప్రసిద్ది చెందాడు. భారతిదాసన్ రచనలు జాతీయం చేయబడ్డాయి అంటే 1991లో అప్పటి తమిళనాడు ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎం. కరుణానిధి పబ్లిక్ డొమైన్లోకి తీసుకువచ్చారు. భారతిదాసన్ రచనలు ఓపెన్ యాక్సెస్ తమిళ సాహిత్య రిపోజిటరీ ప్రాజెక్ట్ మదురైలో చూడవచ్చు.
అతను తన 73వ జన్మదినానికి ఒక వారం ముందు 21 ఏప్రిల్ 1964న మరణించే వరకు అతను గొప్ప రచయిత మరియు కవిగా కొనసాగాడు. అతని తమిళ నాటకం పిసిరాంధయార్కు మరణానంతరం సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అవార్డు లభించింది. అతని ప్రసిద్ధ పంక్తులలో ఒకటి ‘అరివై విరివు చేయి, అఖండమాక్కు’, ‘అరివై విరివు సెయి, ఆగండమక్కు’ అంటే “జ్ఞానాన్ని విస్తరించండి – దానిని విశ్వవ్యాప్తం చేయండి”. ఈ గొప్ప కవి పేరు పెట్టారు, ఇది జ్ఞానాన్ని విస్తరించడానికి మరియు విశ్వవ్యాప్తం చేయడానికి భారతిదాసన్ ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ మేనేజ్మెంట్ ప్రయత్నం.
విప్లవ కవి భారతిదాసన్ పేరు పెట్టబడిన భారతిదాసన్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం మద్రాసు విశ్వవిద్యాలయం యొక్క శాఖగా 1982లో స్థాపించబడింది. విశ్వవిద్యాలయం యొక్క నినాదం “మేము ధైర్యమైన కొత్త ప్రపంచాన్ని సృష్టిస్తాము” అనేది భారతిదాసన్ కవితా పదాల “పుదియదోర్ ప్రపంచం చేస్తాం” నుండి రూపొందించబడింది. ఈ ప్రాంతంలో సామాజిక మార్పు కోసం విద్యాపరమైన ఆవిష్కరణల యొక్క ధైర్యమైన కొత్త ప్రపంచాన్ని సృష్టించడం ద్వారా విశ్వవిద్యాలయం అటువంటి దృష్టికి నిజం కావడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తుంది.
చలనచిత్ర సాహిత్యంగా రూపొందించబడిన పద్యాల జాబితా
తమిళుకుమ్ అముడెన్రు ప్రతి
సంకే ముజ్జంగు
తుంబమ్ నెర్గయిల్
తేస జ్ఞానం
నీలవన ఆడాయికులు
వాలియోర్ సిలార్
ముజుమై నీలా
చితిరై
పల్లికూడం
కల్యాణం ఆగత పెనే
కాత్రిలెల్లం
కండవుడల్ కడల్
వణుక్కు నిలవు
పాజై పోనా మనం
వానా మజై నీయే
అవలుం నానుమ్ అముదుం తమిఝుమ్
అవార్డులు మరియు గుర్తింపులు
భారతదేశం యొక్క 2001 స్టాంపుపై భారతిదాసన్
భారతీదాసన్ తన అమైతి-ఊమై (శాంతి మరియు మూగతనం) నాటకానికి 1946లో బంగారు చిలుక బహుమతిని గెలుచుకున్నాడు.
1970లో పిసిరంతయ్యర్ నాటకానికి మరణానంతరం అతనికి సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అవార్డు లభించింది.
9 అక్టోబర్ 2001న, చెన్నైలో పోస్టల్ డిపార్ట్మెంట్ భారతిదాసన్ స్మారక స్టాంపును విడుదల చేసింది.
అతనికి పెరియార్ చేత “పురట్చి కావింగ్యార్” (“విప్లవ కవి” అని అర్థం) బిరుదు లభించింది.
వారసత్వం
తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వం ఏటా ఒక తమిళ కవికి భారతిదాసన్ అవార్డును అందజేస్తుంది.
పుదుచ్చేరి కేంద్రపాలిత ప్రాంతం, భారతిదాసన్ తల్లి తమిళానికి ఆవాహన పాటను పుదుచ్చేరి రాష్ట్ర పాటగా స్వీకరించింది.
తిరుచిరాపల్లిలో భారతిదాసన్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం పేరుతో రాష్ట్ర విశ్వవిద్యాలయం స్థాపించబడింది.
భారతదేశంలోని అగ్రశ్రేణి B-పాఠశాలలలో ఒకటైన భారతిదాసన్ ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ మేనేజ్మెంట్ తిరుచిరాపల్లిలో స్థాపించబడింది.
2 marks questions and answers
Language Families in India and Tamil’s Significance
- What are the major language families in India?
• Answer: Dravidian, Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Austroasiatic. - Why is Tamil considered a Classical Language?
• Answer: Due to its rich literary heritage, ancient origins, and cultural contributions. - Which Dravidian languages share common linguistic features with Tamil?
• Answer: Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam.
Sangam Literature and Distributive Justice - Define Sangam Literature. What is its notable characteristic?
• Answer: Sangam Literature refers to ancient Tamil literary works. Its notable characteristic is its secular nature. - How does Sangam Literature portray Distributive Justice?
• Answer: It portrays equitable distribution of resources, benefits, and opportunities among individuals. - Give an example from Sangam Literature that showcases Distributive Justice.
• Answer: The concept of “Uzhavu” (fair distribution of agricultural land) reflects Distributive Justice.
Management Principles in Thirukural - Who authored Thirukural, and what is its significance?
• Answer: Thiruvalluvar authored Thirukural. It contains ethical and moral principles with relevance to management. - How does Thirukural emphasize Leadership?
• Answer: It promotes leadership through example, clear communication, and integrity. - Provide an example from Thirukural that demonstrates the importance of Teamwork.
• Answer: “Unity among messengers ensures safety; similarly, unity among leaders ensures glory.”
Impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Tamil Epics - How did Buddhism and Jainism influence Tamil Epics?
• Answer: They introduced philosophical concepts, values, and themes like compassion, non-violence, and detachment. - In which Tamil Epic is the principle of compassion reminiscent of Buddhism depicted?
• Answer: “Manimekalai” showcases compassion through the protagonist’s actions. - How does the Tamil Epic “Silappathikaram” incorporate Jain principles?
• Answer: Kannagi’s non-violence and commitment to justice reflect Jain teachings.
Azhwars, Nayanmars, and Bakthi Literature - Who were Azhwars and Nayanmars in Bakthi Literature?
• Answer: Azhwars were devotees of Lord Vishnu, Nayanmars were devotees of Lord Shiva. - How did the Azhwars and Nayanmars contribute to Bakthi Literature?
• Answer: They composed devotional hymns and poems, enriching the religious and cultural ethos. - Provide an example of an Azhwar’s devotional composition and its significance.
• Answer: Thirumangai Alvar’s “Periya Thirumozhi” exemplifies intense devotion to the divine.
Evolution of Modern Tamil Literature - What factors contributed to the evolution of modern Tamil literature?
• Answer: Societal changes, colonial influences, and literary movements played crucial roles. - How did Subramania Bharati (Bharathiyar) contribute to modern Tamil literature?
• Answer: His poems advocated for freedom, gender equality, and social justice. - Describe Pudhumaipithan’s (Bharathidasan) contribution to modern Tamil literature.
• Answer: His works critiqued social inequalities and cultural norms, fostering social change.
Long questions and answers
Q1: Explain the Language Families in India, focusing on the Dravidian Languages.
A1: India is a linguistic melting pot, home to a multitude of languages from various language families. One prominent language family is the Dravidian family, encompassing languages like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. These languages share common linguistic features, suggesting a common ancestry. Tamil, in particular, holds a distinguished position within this family due to its rich literary tradition, ancient origins, and distinct linguistic attributes.
Tamil’s classical status is attributed to its extensive body of ancient literature, its historical influence, and its contributions to the development of art, culture, and philosophy. Its classical heritage is recognized for its refinement, complexity, and literary excellence. The Tamil script, which has a unique and ancient lineage, further sets it apart from other Indian languages.
Q2: Explore the concept of Sangam Literature, emphasizing its secular nature and its portrayal of Distributive Justice.
A2: Sangam Literature refers to the collection of ancient Tamil literary works produced during the Sangam period, a time of flourishing intellectual and artistic activity in Tamil Nadu. One of the remarkable features of Sangam Literature is its secular nature, encompassing a wide range of subjects that reflect the diversity of life during that era. The literature delves into themes such as love, war, governance, agriculture, and even gastronomy, providing insights into the daily lives and aspirations of people.
Distributive Justice, a concept crucial in any society, is vividly depicted in Sangam Literature. The poems often reflect a concern for equitable distribution of resources, rights, and responsibilities among individuals. For instance, the concept of “Uzhavu” (fair division of agricultural land) is evident in Sangam poems, showcasing the society’s recognition of the importance of fair allocation of land to ensure the prosperity of all members.
Q3: Analyze the incorporation of Management Principles within Thirukural. A3: Thirukural, composed by Thiruvalluvar, is a monumental work that encapsulates ethical and moral wisdom. Embedded within its verses are principles that resonate with modern management practices. The text’s insights into human behavior, leadership, and ethics offer valuable lessons for today’s world.
Consider the virtue of “Leadership.” Thirukural extols the qualities of an effective leader who leads by example, communicates clearly, and maintains integrity. The couplet “அதிகாரியத்துக் கேடில் தந்தை அதிகாரத்திற் கேளாது அவன்” (Leadership without listening, and authority without guidance) highlights the importance of a leader’s receptivity and willingness to seek advice.
Furthermore, Thirukural’s emphasis on “Teamwork” is evident in verses that encourage collaboration, mutual respect, and the pooling of diverse strengths. “கூற்றம் உடைத்தூதார் கொல்லை ஆறும் அதுபோல் அஃதாண்டு புகழ்” (Unity among messengers ensures safety; similarly, unity among leaders ensures glory) underscores the significance of cohesive teamwork.
Q4: Examine the Impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Tamil Epics, society.
A4: The impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Tamil Epics is profound and multifaceted, leaving an indelible mark on the cultural and moral landscape of Tamil society. The philosophical tenets of these religions influenced the themes, values, and characters within Tamil Epics.
One example of this influence can be seen in the Tamil Epic “Manimekalai.” The narrative promotes compassion, non-violence, and detachment, reflecting the principles of Buddhism and Jainism. The protagonist, Manimekalai, embodies the virtue of compassion by selflessly helping those in need, resonating with the Buddhist concept of loving-kindness.
Similarly, the Tamil Epic “Silappathikaram” showcases the Jain concept of non-violence through the character of Kannagi. Her unwavering commitment to justice and her refusal to harm even her oppressors exemplify the Jain principle of ahimsa (non-violence).
These philosophical underpinnings from Buddhism and Jainism contributed to the cultivation of a moral society that valued empathy, ethical conduct, and inner transformation.
Q5: Discuss the pivotal role of Azhwars and Nayanmars in shaping Bakthi Literature.
A5: Azhwars and Nayanmars played a transformative role in the evolution of Bakthi Literature, a genre centered around devotional expression and religious fervor. Their compositions not only enriched the religious tapestry of Tamil Nadu but also fostered a sense of unity, inclusivity, and shared devotion.
The Azhwars, in their hymns, expressed profound devotion to Lord Vishnu, highlighting the path of loving surrender. Their contributions, collectively known as “Divya Prabandham,” became integral to the Bhakti movement in South India. For instance, the Azhwar Thirumangai Alvar’s “Periya Thirumozhi” reverberates with fervent love for the divine, exemplifying the soul’s yearning for union with the Supreme.
Conversely, the Nayanmars’ devotional outpourings celebrated Lord Shiva and embodied the essence of Bakthi. Thirunavukkarasar, a revered Nayanmar, composed the “Thevaram” hymns that vividly described the divine attributes of Shiva. His composition “Thiruneerupathu” articulates the transformative power of Shiva’s grace, symbolizing the Nayanmars’ deep spiritual experiences.
Collectively, the Azhwars and Nayanmars enriched Tamil Nadu’s cultural fabric by promoting devotion as a means of spiritual realization, transcending social barriers and fostering a deep sense of communal identity.
Q6: Highlight the contributions of Subramania Bharati (Bharathiyar) and Pudhumaipithan (Bharathidasan).
A6: The evolution of modern Tamil literature is a dynamic journey shaped by a confluence of factors, including societal shifts, colonial encounters, and literary revolutions. During the colonial era, Western education and ideas exposed Tamil society to new horizons, triggering a renaissance in literature.
Subramania Bharati (Bharathiyar), a prolific poet and visionary, played a pivotal role in this transformation. His poems ignited the flames of patriotism and social awakening, advocating for freedom, gender equality, and social justice. His iconic poem “பாரத நாடு வாழ்க” (Long Live Bharath) encapsulates his fervent nationalism and yearning for a progressive India.
Pudhumaipithan (Bharathidasan) continued this tradition of social consciousness through his prose and poetry. His works critiqued social inequalities, oppressive practices, and cultural norms. His poem “பூச்சந்திர கோகிலை” (The Cuckoo of a Flower) exemplifies his exploration of love, freedom, and individuality.
These literary giants, along with others, catalyzed a literary revolution that transcended the written word, spurring social change and laying the foundation for modern Tamil literature as an instrument of transformation.