INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS (TEXT)

\[\color {royalblue} {Sum\ and\ Product\ Identities}:\ \hspace{20cm}\]

\[\color {brown} {Formulae}:\ \hspace{20cm}\]

\[1.\ Sin\ A\ +\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[2.\ Sin\ A\ -\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[3.\ Cos\ A\ +\ Cos\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[4.\ Cos\ A\ -\ Cos\ B =\ -\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[5.\ Sin\ A\ Cos\ B\ =\ \frac{1}{2}[Sin\ (A\ +\ B)\ +\ Sin\ (A\ -\ B)]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[6.\ Cos\ A\ Sin\ B\ =\ \frac{1}{2}[Sin\ (A\ +\ B)\ -\ Sin\ (A\ -\ B)]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[7.\ Cos\ A\ Cos\ B\ =\ \frac{1}{2}[Cos\ (A\ +\ B)\ +\ Cos\ (A\ -\ B)]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[8.\ Sin\ A\ Sin\ B\ =\ \frac{-\ 1}{2}[Cos\ (A\ +\ B)\ -\ Cos\ (A\ -\ B)]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {royalblue} {Results}:\ \hspace{20cm}\]

\[1.\ Sin\ (A\ +\ B)Sin\ (A\ -\ B)\ =\ Sin^2\ A\ -\ Sin^2\ B\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[2.\ Cos\ (A\ +\ B)Cos\ (A\ -\ B)\ =\ Cos^2\ A\ -\ Sin^2\ B\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 1:}\ \color {red} {Express\ the\ product}\ 2\ Cos\ 5A\ Cos\ 3A\ \color {red} {as\ a\ sum}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ W.\ K.\ T.\ 2\ Cos\ A\ Cos\ B\ =\ Cos\ (A\ +\ B)\ +\ Cos\ (A\ -\ B)\ \hspace{18cm}\]

\[2\ Cos\ 5A\ Cos\ 3A\ =\ Cos\ (5A\ +\ 3A)\ +\ Cos\ (5A\ -\ 3A)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Cos\ 8A\ +\ Cos\ 2A\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 2:}\ \color {red} {Express}\ Sin\ 5A\ -\ Sin\ 3A\ \color {red} {as\ product}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ W.\ K.\ T.\ Sin\ A\ -\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{18cm}\]

\[ Sin\ 5A\ -\ Sin\ 3A\ =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{5A\ +\ 3A}{2})\ Sin\ (\frac{5A\ -\ 3A}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{8A}{2})\ Sin\ (\frac{2A}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ Cos\ 4A\ Sin\ A\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 3:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ +\ Cos\ 70^{0}\ =\ \sqrt{3}\ Cos\ 40^{0}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ W.\ K.\ T.\ Cos\ A\ +\ Cos\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{18cm}\]

\[Cos\ 70^{0}\ +\ Cos\ 10^{0} =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{70^{0}\ +\ 10^{0}}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{70^{0}\ -\ 10^{0}}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{80^{0}}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{60^{0}}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ Cos\ 40^{0}\ Cos\ 30^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ Cos\ 40^{0}\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ \sqrt{3}\ Cos\ 40^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 4:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ \frac{Sin\ 3A\ +\ Sin\ A}{Cos\ 3A\ +\ Cos\ A}\ =\ Tan\ 2A\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{18cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Sin\ A\ +\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ and\]

\[Cos\ A\ +\ Cos\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ \frac{Sin\ 3A\ +\ Sin\ A}{Cos\ 3A\ +\ Cos\ A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{2\ Sin\ (\frac{3A\ +\ A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{3A\ -\ A}{2})}{2\ Cos\ (\frac{3A\ +\ A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{3A\ -\ A}{2})}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{2\ Sin\ (\frac{4A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{2A}{2})}{2\ Cos\ (\frac{4A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{2A}{2})}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{Sin\ 2A\ Cos\ A}{Cos\ 2A\ Cos\ A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{Sin\ 2A}{Cos\ 2A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan\ 2A\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 5:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ \frac{SinA\ +\ Sin2A\ +\ Sin3A}{CosA\ +\ Cos2A\ +\ Cos3A}\ =\ Tan2A\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{18cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Sin\ A\ +\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ and\]

\[Cos\ A\ +\ Cos\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ \frac{SinA\ +\ Sin2A\ +\ Sin3A}{CosA\ +\ Cos2A\ +\ Cos3A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{Sin3A\ +\ SinA\ +\ Sin2A}{Cos3A\ +\ CosA\ +\ Cos2A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{2\ Sin\ (\frac{3A\ +\ A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{3A\ -\ A}{2})\ +\ Sin2A}{2\ Cos\ (\frac{3A\ +\ A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{3A\ -\ A}{2}) +\ Cos2A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{2\ Sin\ (\frac{4A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{2A}{2})\ +\ Sin2A}{2\ Cos\ (\frac{4A}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{2A}{2})\ +\ Cos2A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{2Sin\ 2A\ Cos\ A\ +\ Sin2A}{2Cos\ 2A\ Cos\ A\ +\ Cos2A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{Sin2A(2\ CosA\ +\ 1)}{Cos2A(2\ CosA\ +\ 1)}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{Sin\ 2A}{Cos\ 2A}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan\ 2A\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 6:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Sin\ 40^{0}\ +\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ -\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ =\ 0\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ W.\ K.\ T.\ Sin\ A\ +\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{18cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Sin\ 40^{0}\ +\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ -\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{40^{0}\ +\ 20^{0}}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{40^{0}\ -\ 20^{0}}{2})\ -\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ Sin\ 30^{0}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ -\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ ×\ \frac{1}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ -\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 0\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 7:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Sin\ 40^{0}\ +\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ =\ Sin\ 80^{0}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ W.\ K.\ T.\ Sin\ A\ +\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ \hspace{18cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Sin\ 40^{0}\ +\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{40^{0}\ +\ 20^{0}}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{40^{0}\ -\ 20^{0}}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2\ ×\ \frac{1}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Sin\ (90^{0}\ -\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{3cm}\ \because\ Cos\ θ\ =\ Sin(90^{0}\ -\ θ)\]

\[=\ Sin\ 80^{0}\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple}{Example\ 8:}\ \color {red} {Show\ that}\ ( cos α + cos β )^2\ +\ ( sin α + sin β )^2\ =\ 4\ cos^2 (\frac{α- β}{2})\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Sin\ A\ +\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ and\]

\[Cos\ A\ +\ Cos\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ ( cos α + cos β )^2\ +\ ( sin α + sin β )^2\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ [2\ Cos\ (\frac{α\ +\ β}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{α\ -\ β}{2})]^2\ +\ [2\ Sin\ (\frac{α\ +\ β}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{α\ -\ β}{2})]^2\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{α\ +\ β}{2})\ Cos^2\ (\frac{α\ -\ β}{2})\ +\ 4\ Sin^2\ (\frac{α\ +\ β}{2})\ Cos^2\ (\frac{α\ -\ β}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{α\ -\ β}{2})[Cos^2\ (\frac{α\ +\ β}{2})\ +\ Sin^2\ (\frac{α\ +\ β}{2})]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{α\ -\ β}{2})\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 9:}\ If\ a\ =\ Cos\ x\ +\ Cos\ y,\ b\ =\ Sin\ x\ -\ Sin\ y,\ \color {red} {Show\ that\ a^2\ +\ b^2\ =\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{2})}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Cos\ A\ +\ Cos\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\ and\]

\[Sin\ A\ -\ Sin\ B =\ 2\ Cos\ (\frac{A\ +\ B}{2})\ Sin\ (\frac{A\ -\ B}{2})\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ a^2\ +\ b^2\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ (Cos\ x\ +\ Cos\ y)^2\ +\ (Sin\ x\ -\ Sin\ y)^2\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ [2\ Cos\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{2})\ Cos\ (\frac{x\ -\ y}{2})]^2\ +\ [2\ Cos\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{2})\ Sin\ (\frac{x\ -\ y}{2})]^2\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{2})\ Cos^2\ (\frac{x\ -\ y}{2})\ +\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{2})\ Sin^2\ (\frac{x\ -\ y}{2}) \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{2})[Cos^2\ (\frac{x\ -\ y}{2})\ +\ Sin^2\ (\frac{x\ -\ y}{2})]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 4\ Cos^2\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 10:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ Sin\ 40^{0}\ Sin\ 80^{0}\ =\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Sin\ (A\ +\ B)Sin\ (A\ -\ B)\ =\ Sin^2\ A\ -\ Sin^2\ B\ and\]

\[Sin\ 3A\ =\ 3\ Sin\ A\ -\ 4\ Sin^3\ A\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ Sin\ 40^{0}\ Sin\ 80^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ Sin\ (60^{0}\ -\ 20^{0}) Sin\ ((60^{0}\ +\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ (Sin^2\ 60^{0}\ -\ Sin^2\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ ((\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})^2\ -\ Sin^2\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ (\frac{3}{4}\ -\ Sin^2\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ (3\ -\ 4\ Sin^2\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}(3\ Sin\ 20^{0}\ -\ 4\ Sin^3\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ Sin\ 3(20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ Sin\ 60^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8}\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 11:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ Cos\ 40^{0}\ Cos\ 80^{0}\ =\ \frac{1}{8}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Cos\ (A\ +\ B)Cos\ (A\ -\ B)\ =\ Cos^2\ A\ -\ Sin^2\ B\ and\]

\[Cos\ 3A\ =\ 4\ Cos^3\ A\ -\ 3\ Cos\ A\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ Cos\ 40^{0}\ Cos\ 80^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ Cos\ (60^{0}\ -\ 20^{0}) Cos\ ((60^{0}\ +\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ (Cos^2\ 60^{0}\ -\ Sin^2\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ ((\frac{1}{2})^2\ -\ Sin^2\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ (\frac{1}{4}\ -\ (1\ -\ Cos^2\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ [\frac{1\ -\ 4\ +\ 4\ Cos^2\ 20^{0}}{4}]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ Cos\ 20^{0}\ [-\ 3\ +\ 4\ Cos^2\ 20^{0}]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}(4\ Cos^3\ 20^{0}\ -\ 3\ Cos\ 20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ Cos\ 3(20^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ Cos\ 60^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{4}\ (\frac{1}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{8}\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 12:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ Cos\ 30^{0}\ Cos\ 50^{0}\ Cos\ 70^{0}\ =\ \frac{3}{16}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Cos\ (A\ +\ B)Cos\ (A\ -\ B)\ =\ Cos^2\ A\ -\ Sin^2\ B\ and\]

\[Cos\ 3A\ =\ 4\ Cos^3\ A\ -\ 3\ Cos\ A\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ Cos\ 30^{0}\ Cos\ 50^{0}\ Cos\ 70^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ Cos\ 50^{0}\ Cos\ 70^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ Cos\ (60^{0}\ -\ 10^{0}) Cos\ ((60^{0}\ +\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ (Cos^2\ 60^{0}\ -\ Sin^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ ((\frac{1}{2})^2\ -\ Sin^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ (\frac{1}{4}\ -\ Sin^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ (\frac{1}{4}\ -\ (1\ -\ Cos^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ [\frac{1\ -\ 4\ +\ 4\ Cos^2\ 10^{0}}{4}]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8}\ Cos\ 10^{0}\ [-\ 3\ +\ 4\ Cos^2\ 10^{0}]\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8}(4\ Cos^3\ 10^{0}\ -\ 3\ Cos\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8}\ Cos\ 3(10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8}\ Cos\ 30^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8}\ (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{3}{16}\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 13:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ Sin\ 30^{0}\ Sin\ 50^{0}\ Sin\ 70^{0}\ =\ \frac{1}{16}\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Sin\ (A\ +\ B)Sin\ (A\ -\ B)\ =\ Sin^2\ A\ -\ Sin^2\ B\ and\]

\[Sin\ 3A\ =\ 3\ Sin\ A\ -\ 4\ Sin^3\ A\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ Sin\ 30^{0}\ Sin\ 50^{0}\ Sin\ 70^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ \frac{1}{2}\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ Sin\ 50^{0}\ Sin\ 70^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{2}\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ Sin\ (60^{0}\ -\ 10^{0}) Sin\ ((60^{0}\ +\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{2}\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ (Sin^2\ 60^{0}\ -\ Sin^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{2}\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ ((\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})^2\ -\ Sin^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{2}\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ (\frac{3}{4}\ -\ Sin^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{8}\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ (3\ -\ 4\ Sin^2\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{8}(3\ Sin\ 10^{0}\ -\ 4\ Sin^3\ 10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{8}\ Sin\ 3(10^{0})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{8}\ Sin\ 30^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{8}\ (\frac{1}{2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ \frac{1}{16}\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

\[\color {royalblue} {Definition}:\ \hspace{20cm}\]

\[A\ function\ which\ is\ the\ reverse\ process\ of\ a\ trigonometric\ function\ is\ called\ the\ inverse\ trigonometric\ function.\]

\[Ex:\ sin^{-1}\ x,\ cos^{-1}⁡\ x,\ tan^{-1}\ x\]

\[\color {royalblue} {Properties}:\ \hspace{20cm}\]

\[a)\ Sin^{-1}\ (Sin\ x)\ =\ x\]

\[b)\ Cos^{-1}\ (Cos\ x)\ =\ x\]

\[c)\ Tan^{-1}\ (Tan\ x)\ =\ x\]

\[d)\ Tan^{-1}\ x\ + Tan^{-1}\ y\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{1\ -\ x\ y})\]

\[e)\ Tan^{-1}\ x\ - Tan^{-1}\ y\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{x\ -\ y}{1\ +\ x\ y})\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 14:}\ \color {red} {What\ is\ the\ value\ of}\ Sin^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{2})\ +\ Cos^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{2})\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[Sin^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{2})\ +\ Cos^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{2})\ =\ 30^{0}\ +\ 60^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 90^{0}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 15:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{x})\ =\ cot^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[Put\ x\ =\ cot\ θ,\ \implies\ θ\ =\ cot^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{cot\ \theta})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (tan\ θ)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ θ\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ cot^{-1}\ x\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 16:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Sin^{-1}\ (2x\ \sqrt{1\ -\ x^2})\ =\ 2\ Sin^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[Put\ x\ =\ Sin\ θ,\ \implies\ θ\ =\ Sin^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (2x\ \sqrt{1\ -\ x^2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (2\ Sin\ θ\ \sqrt{1\ -\ Sin^2\ θ})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (2\ Sin\ θ\ \sqrt{Cos^2\ θ})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (2\ Sin\ θ\ Cos\ θ)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (Sin\ 2θ)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ 2θ\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 2\ Sin^{-1}\ x\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 17:}\ \color {red} {Prove:}\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{2x}{1\ -\ x^2})\ =\ 2\ Tan^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[Put\ x\ =\ Tan\ θ,\ \implies\ θ\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{2x}{1\ -\ x^2})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{2\ Tan\ θ}{1\ -\ Tan^2\ θ})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (Tan\ 2θ)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 2\ θ\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 2\ Tan^{-1}\ x\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 18:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Sin^{-1}\ (3x\ -\ 4x^3)\ =\ 3\ Sin^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[Put\ x\ =\ Sin\ θ,\ \implies\ θ\ =\ Sin^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (3x\ -\ 4x^3)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (3Sin\ θ\ -\ 4Sin^3\ θ)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Sin^{-1}\ (Sin\ 3θ)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 3\ θ\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 3\ Sin^{-1}\ x\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 19:}\ \color {red} {Prove\ that}\ Cos^{-1}\ (4x^3\ -\ 3x)\ =\ 3\ Cos^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[Put\ x\ =\ Cos\ θ,\ \implies\ θ\ =\ Cos^{-1}\ x\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ Cos^{-1}\ (4x^3\ -\ 3x)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\ =\ Cos^{-1}\ (4Cos^3\ θ\ -\ 3\ Cos\ \theta)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[ =\ Cos^{-1}\ (Cos\ 3θ)\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 3\ θ\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ 3\ Cos^{-1}\ x\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 20:}\ \color {red} {Show\ that}\ Tan^{-1}\ x\ + Tan^{-1}\ y\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{1\ -\ x\ y})\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[Let\ Tan^{-1}\ (x)\ =\ A,\ \implies\ x\ =\ Tan\ A\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[Let\ Tan^{-1}\ (y)\ =\ B,\ \implies\ y\ =\ Tan\ B\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[W.\ K.\ T\ Tan(A + B)\ =\ \frac{Tan A\ +\ Tan B}{1\ -\ Tan A\ Tan B}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[Tan(A + B)\ =\ \frac{x\ +\ y}{1\ -\ x\ y}\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[A + B\ =\ Tan^{-1}(\frac{x\ +\ y}{1\ -\ x\ y})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[Tan^{-1}\ x\ + Tan^{-1}\ y\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{1\ -\ x\ y})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[\color {purple} {Example\ 21:}\ \color {red} {Show\ that}\ 2\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{3})\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{3}{4})\ \hspace{15cm}\]

\[\color {blue}{Solution:}\ \hspace{19cm}\]

\[L.\ H.\ S\ =\ 2\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{3})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{3})\ +\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{1}{3})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{\frac{1}{3}\ +\ \frac{1}{3}}{1\ -\ \frac{1}{3}\ ×\ \frac{1}{3}})\ \hspace{2cm}\ \because\ Tan^{-1}\ x\ + Tan^{-1}\ y\ =\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{x\ +\ y}{1\ -\ x\ y})\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{\frac{1\ +\ 1}{3}}{\frac{9\ -\ 1}{9}})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{\frac{2}{3}}{\frac{8}{9}})\ \hspace{10cm}\]

\[=\ Tan^{-1}\ (\frac{3}{4})\ =\ R.H.S\ \hspace{10cm}\]