# BERNOULLLI’S FORMULA

$Integrals\ of\ the\ form\ \int x^m\ sin\ nx\ dx,\ \int x^m\ cos\ nx\ dx\ and\ \int x^m\ e^{nx}\ dx\ where\ m\le3$

If u and v are functions x, then Bernoulli’s form of integration by parts formula is

$\int u\ dv = uv – u^!v_1 + u^{!!}v_2 – u^{!!!}v_3 + …………$

Where u΄, u΄΄,u΄΄΄….. are successive differentiation of the function u and v, v1, v2, v3, …………. the successive integration of the function dv.

Note:

The function ‘u’ is differentiated up to constant.

Example  :

$Evaluate:\ \int x^3\ sin\ x\ dx$

Soln:

ILATE

$u= x^3\ \hspace{2cm}\ dv = sin\ x\ dx$
$v = – cos x$
$u^! = 3x^2\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_1 = – sin\ x$
$u^{!!} = 6x\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_2 = cos \ x$
$u^{!!!} = 6\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_3 = sin \ x$
$\int u\ dv = uv – u^!v_1 + u^{!!}v_2 – u^{!!!}v_3+ c$
$\int x^3\ sin\ x\ dx = x^3(-cos x) – 3x^2 (- sin\ x) + 6x (cos\ x) – 6(sin x) + c$
$\int x^3\ sin\ x\ dx = – x^3 cos x + 3x^2 sin\ x + 6x cos\ x – 6sin\ x+c$

Example  :

$Evaluate:\ \int x^3\ cos\ x\ dx$

Soln:

$ILATE$
$u= x^3\ \hspace{2cm}\ dv = cos\ x\ dx$
$v = sin\ x$
$u^! = 3x^2\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_1 = – cos\ x$
$u^{!!} = 6x\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_2 = – sin \ x$
$u^{!!!} = 6\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_3 = cos \ x$
$\int u\ dv = uv – u^!v_1 + u^{!!}v_2 – u^{!!!}v_3 + c$
$\int x^3\ cos\ x\ dx = x^3(sin x) – 3x^2 (- cos\ x) + 6x (- sin\ x) – 6( cos\ x)+c$
$\int x^3\ cos\ x\ dx = x^3 sin x + 3x^2 cos\ x – 6x cos\ x – 6 cos\ x+c$

Example  :

$Evaluate:\ \int x^2\ sin\ 2x\ dx$

Soln:

ILATE

$u= x^2\ \hspace{2cm}\ dv = sin\ 2x\ dx$
$u^! = 2x\ \hspace{2cm}\ v = – \frac{cos\ 2x}{2}$
$u^{!!} = 2\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_1 = – \frac{sin\ 2x}{4}$
$\hspace{3cm}\ v_2 = \frac{cos\ 2x}{8}$
$\int u\ dv = uv – u^!v_1 + u^{!!}v_2$
$\int x^2\ sin\ 2x\ dx = x^2(-\frac{cos\ 2x}{2}) – 2x (-\frac{sin\ 2x}{4}) + 2(\frac{cos\ 2x}{8}) + c$
$= – x^2\frac{cos\ 2x}{4} + x \frac{sin\ 2x}{2} + \frac{cos\ 2x}{4} + c$

Example  :

$Evaluate:\ \int x^2\ cos\ 2x\ dx$

Soln:

ILATE

$u= x^2\ \hspace{2cm}\ dv = cos\ 2x\ dx$
$u^! = 2x\ \hspace{2cm}\ v = \frac{sin\ 2x}{2}$
$u^{!!} = 2\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_1 = – \frac{cos\ 2x}{4}$
$\hspace{3cm}\ v_2 = -\frac{sin\ 2x}{8}$
$\int u\ dv = uv – u^!v_1 + u^{!!}v_2$
$\int x^2\ cos\ 2x\ dx = x^2(\frac{sin\ 2x}{2}) – 2x (-\frac{cos\ 2x}{4}) + 2(- \frac{sin\ 2x}{8}) + c$
$= x^2\frac{sin\ 2x}{2} + x \frac{cos\ 2x}{2} – \frac{sin\ 2x}{8} + c$

Example  :

$Evaluate:\ \int x^3\ e^{2x}\ dx$

Soln:

ILATE

$u= x^3\ \hspace{2cm}\ dv = e^{2x}\ dx$
$u^! = 3x^2\ \hspace{2cm}\ v = \frac{e^{2x}}{2}$
$u^{!!} = 6x\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_1 = \frac{e^{2x}}{4}$
$u^{!!!} = 6\ \hspace{2cm}\ v_2 = \frac{e^{2x}}{8}$
$\hspace{3cm}\ v_3 = \frac{e^{2x}}{16}$
$\int u\ dv = uv – u^!v_1 + u^{!!}v_2 – u^{!!!}v_3$
$\int x^3\ e^{2x}\ dx = x^3\frac{e^{2x}}{2} – 3\ x^2 \frac{e^{2x}}{4} + 6x\frac{e^{2x}}{8} – 6\frac{e^{2x}}{16} + c$
$= x^3\frac{e^{2x}}{2} – 3\ x^2 \frac{e^{2x}}{4} + 3x\frac{e^{2x}}{4} – 3\frac{e^{2x}}{8} + c$